Correction: Why Has the Number of Scientific Retractions Increased?

Why Has the Number of Scientific Retractions Increased?

BACKGROUND The number of retracted scientific publications has risen sharply, but it is unclear whether this reflects an increase in publication of flawed articles or an increase in the rate at which flawed articles are withdrawn. METHODS AND FINDINGS We examined the interval between publication and retraction for 2,047 retracted articles indexed in PubMed. Time-to-retraction (from publicatio...

Why Has Urban Inequality Increased?

The increase in wage inequality since 1980 in the United States has been more pronounced in larger cities, even after accounting for di¤erences in the composition of the workforce across locations. Using Census of Population and Census of Manufacturers data aggregated to the local labor market level, this paper examines the importance of changes in the factor bias of agglomeration economies, ca...

Retractions and Correction

BIOCHEMISTRY Retraction for ‘‘Selection of cyclic peptide aptamers to HCV IRES RNA using mRNA display’’ by Alexander Litovchick and Jack W. Szostak, which appeared in issue 40, October 7, 2008, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (105:15293–15298; first published September 29, 2008; 10.1073/pnas.0805837105). The authors wish to note the following: ‘‘After thorough efforts by K. Berry in the laboratory of...

Correction and Retractions

BIOCHEMISTRY Correction for “Mod5 protein binds to tRNA gene complexes and affects local transcriptional silencing,” by Matthew Pratt-Hyatt, Dave A. Pai, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Glenn G. Wozniak, Paul D. Good, Erin L. Miller, Ian X. McLeod, John R. Yates III, Anita K. Hopper, and David R. Engelke, which appeared in issue 33, August 13, 2013, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (110: E3081–E3089; first publi...

Scientific misconduct, retractions, and errata.